|
Medieval demography is the study of human demography in Europe and the Mediterranean during the Middle Ages. It estimates and seeks to explain the number of people who were alive during the Medieval period, population trends, life expectancy, family structure, and related issues. Demography is considered a crucial element of historical change throughout the Middle Ages. The population of Europe remained at a low level in the Early Middle Ages, boomed during the High Middle Ages and reached a peak around 1300, then a number of calamities caused a steep decline, the nature of which historians have debated. Population levels began to recover around the late 15th century, gaining momentum in the early 16th century. The science of medieval demography relies on various lines of evidence, such as administrative records, wills and other types of records, archaeological field data, economic data, and written histories. Because the data are often incomplete and/or ambiguous, there can be significant disagreement among medieval demographers. ==Demographic history of Europe== The population levels of Europe during the Middle Ages can be roughly categorized:〔 *200–600 (Late Antiquity): population decline *600–1000 (Early Middle Ages): stable at a low level, with intermittent growth. *1000–1250 (High Middle Ages): population boom and expansion. *1250–1348 (Late Middle Ages): stable or intermittently rising at a high level, with fall in 1315-17. *1348–1420 (Late Middle Ages): steep decline. *1420–1470 (Late Middle Ages): stable or intermittently falling to a low level. *1470–onward: slow expansion gaining momentum in the early 16th century. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Medieval demography」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|